Antibody
Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system. Their job is to identify and neutralise harmful substances.
Atopic Dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis is also known as atopic dermatitis and is the most common form of eczema. It is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition that manifests as itchy skin and a red, scaly rash.
Biologic
A biologic is a medication produced using modern biotechnological processes and is modelled on specific protein building blocks found in the body.
Inflammation
An immune response by the body to protect it from infections caused by bacteria and viruses. In atopic dermatitis, an overactive immune system can lead to inflammation with red, itchy skin.
Skin Barrier
The skin’s natural barrier function refers to its built-in protection against drying out and against external influences such as bacteria, viruses or fungi, as well as allergens such as pollen. The outermost layer of normal skin contains fats (“lipids”) that act as a “sealant” between skin cells, helping to retain moisture in the skin — rather like the mortar in a wall, holding the bricks (i.e. skin cells) together. Due to genetic predisposition, people with atopic dermatitis produce fewer lipids. As a result, the skin cells no longer form a tight seal — the wall begins to crumble — and the barrier function is impaired. This causes moisture to escape more readily through the skin, effectively drying it out. This very dry skin is extremely sensitive to external influences and cracks easily. In addition, allergens and microorganisms are able to penetrate. The consequence: the impaired barrier function and an altered immune response lead, in certain predisposed individuals, to inflammatory skin reactions triggered by otherwise harmless environmental factors.
IL-13
Interleukin 13 (IL-13) is a protein of the immune system. It can contribute to inflammation, itching and damage to the skin barrier. People with atopic dermatitis have more IL-13 in their affected skin than people without atopic dermatitis.
Immune System
The immune system is a complex network of cells and signalling molecules that defends the body against harmful pathogens such as viruses and bacteria. The fundamental function of the immune system is to prevent or limit infections.
Topical Steroids
Steroids are anti-inflammatory agents that can be applied to the skin as creams or ointments — for example in atopic dermatitis — to reduce inflammation and itching. This external method of application is referred to as topical.
